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Saint Kitts and Nevis, officially known as the Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis, is an island country and microstate consisting of the two islands of Saint Kitts and Nevis, both located in the West Indies. It is the smallest sovereign state in the Western Hemisphere, in both area and population, as well as the world's smallest sovereign federation. The capital city is Basseterre, located on the larger island of Saint Kitts.
Both islands are of volcanic origin, consisting of large central peaks covered in tropical rainforest, with the majority of the population live along the flatter coastal areas.
Saint Kitts and Nevis were among the first islands in the Caribbean to be colonised by Europeans. Saint Kitts was home to the first British and French Caribbean colonies, and as such has been also titled 'The Mother Colony of the West Indies'. The country is also the most recent British territory in the Carribean to become independent, gaining its independence in 1983.